An instrument calibrated by Item Response Theory to assess knowledge about head and neck cancer

Introduction: Head and neck tumors are in the 9º place among the most frequent cancers in the world, being the incidence of 700,000 new cases per year. To suspect and to diagnose early the cancer implies to know well the subject. The questionnaire is a good instrument for measuring knowledge. Objective: To provide an item bank, calibrated by the Item Response Theory (IRT), to evaluate the "knowledge about head and neck cancer", in any respondent, in order to benefit the studies on this construct, in the area of health education. Methods: To evaluate the "knowledge about head and neck cancer", we started with a scale already calibrated by the IRT, with 24 items for schoolchildren (n = 2,006). A further 29 items of equal difficulty were created (n = 994 schoolchildren). Then, 60 new items, of equal construct and greater difficulty (n = 883 dentistry professionals) were incorporated into this scale. Results: The analysis of 2,847 responses resulted in a bank with 113 items on head and neck cancer calibrated by IRT and arranged on a skill scale. Conclusion: From this collection of items, different questionnaires can be set up according to the skill level of the respondent. The results of the evaluations, in single or distinct moments, can be compared since the items are on the same scale of ability.

Estatística de levantamentos epidemiológicos sobre cárie dentária, publicados no Brasil e no exterior, de 1960 a 2001 / Statistics from epidemiological surveys about dental decay, published in Brazil and in the exterior, from 1960 to 2001

Os levantamentos epidemiológicos são importantes para implantação, execução e avaliação de projetos e ações de saúde numa comunidade. Na realização de levantamentos epidemiológicos o planejamento, objetivos, amostra, treinamento e calibração da equipe, execução e divulgação dos resultados é de suma importância. Neste sentido, para que os resultados sejam consistentes e confiáveis, a preocupação com a amostra e com a análise estatística no momento da tabulação dos dados é fundamental para que esses possam ser inferidos para toda a população. Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar o tipo de metodologia estatística utilizada em trabalhos publicados sobre levantamentos epidemiológicos de cárie dentária no período de 1960 a 2001. Por meio de um levantamento bibliográfico realizado nas bases de dados BBO, MEDLINE e SCIELO. Os artigos encontrados foram analisados com relação à metodologia estatística aplicada em todo o estudo, da amostragem até a tabulação dos dados. Observou-se que a maioria das pesquisas (72,6%), limitou-se a apresentar o número de elementos que constituiu a amostra, sem esclarecer o planejamento para obtenção.

The epidemiological surveys are important to the deployment, implementation and evaluation of projects and health actions in a community. The planning, goals, samples, team training/calibration, carrying out and publication of results are extremely important in the epidemiological surveys. Thus, the care with the sample and statistical analysis is fundamental for the results to be consistent and trustworthy in order to be able to be inferred for all the population. The aims of this study is to investigate the statistical methodology used in papers on dental caries epidemiological surveys published from 1960 to 2001. A bibliographical survey was carried out in BBO, MEDLINE and SCIELO databases. The papers found were analyzed with regards to the statistical methodology applied in the whole study, from the sampling to the tabling of data. Most studies (72.6%) only presented the number of elements that composed the sample, without explaining the planning involved in obtaining it.